Fast Food Restaurants Affected The Health Of Customers Essay

Fast food restaurants raise a number of important issues related to health. In this paper it will be argued that fast food restaurants negatively impact the health of customers. The consumption contributes to obesity, diabetes and heart disease. However, the growing popularity of fast causal restaurants has made healthier options more popular. In the near future fast causal restaurants will either dominant the restaurant industry or the fast food restaurants will become more like fast casual restaurants. Fast food restaurants have been very popular in North America. The number of fast food restaurants has been increasing and so have the sales of these restaurants. Paeratakul, Ferdinand, Champagne, Ryan and Bray(2003) notes, More recent estimates show that in 2001, there were about 222,000 fast food locations in the United States, generating sales of more than $125 billion. The number is projected to increase by 4.1% in 2002, with estimated sales of $130.1 billion (p. 1332). The larg e number of fast food restaurants means that they are very accessible. This can be seen in the large number of sales for fast food restaurants. Fast Food restaurants have become an important part of North American culture. Fast food plays an important part in the lifestyles of many people. Paeratakul, Ferdinand, Champagne, Ryan and Bray(2003)explain that survey results indicate that three of ten respondents believed that fast food was vital to their way of life(p. 1332). Fast food has beenShow MoreRelatedThe Fast Food Industry Has a Harmful Effect on Society1211 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: The fast food industry has a harmful affect on society. Topic Sentence 1: Fast food causes Coronary Artery Disease. Topic Sentence 2: Fast food is popular among our nation. Topic Sentence 3: The environment is affected by the fast food industry. We provide food that customers love, day after day after day. People just want more of it†(Ray Kroc, Founder of McDonald’s). Coronary Artery Disease is a type of heart disease and the most common cause of heart attacks. Plaque from eating unhealthyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Fast Food986 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their health problems such as obesity and diabetes, but if one were to take a step back and look at the big picture of that person’s life they would quickly understand it is not entirely that person’s fault. In a society that highly values speed and efficiency, fast food has quickly become a popular choice thanks to its ability to provide quick meals at low prices. This popularity has made it possible for fast food restaurants to dominate the streets, resulting in fewer healthy food options. FastRead MoreThe Choice Of Food By A Consumer Is Predominantly Affected By Convenience Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction The choice of food by a consumer is predominantly affected by convenience. The growth of home delivery for supplies, microwave dinners, drive-thru windows, and internet shopping is an indication that most consumers are driven by convenience in the determination of choices (Jaeger and Meiselman, 2004, p.318). Customers use convenience to establish how, what, why, when, with whom, and where to eat (Costa et al., 2005, p.79). Jaeger, S.R., Cardello, A., V. (2007, p.238), argued thatRead MoreMcdonald s Swot Analysis For Marketing Success1238 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess by listening to customers and fulfilling their needs. its recognized through more and more promotions and advertisements and also through its logo design which is a huge yellow M. McDonalds also keep in mind the customers need and by looking at it, they decide what to serve, what will be the price of the product, how to advertise its product and the location of the restaurant. Which will be more convenient to the customers McDonalds also identifies different types of customer and their needs throughRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater By David Zinczenko962 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses about his childhood and how it has affected him. In addition, he explains thoroughly about fast food and the companies behind it. Zincozenko also talks about fast food companies have affected him and other in today’s world. Zinczenko ate a lot of fast food when he was younger because that is what his mother could afford. There were many people in this situation then and there are many people in this situation now. People go to fast food restaurants because it is convenient, cheap, and on theRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food1649 Words   |  7 PagesFast food is popular because it s convenient, it s cheap, and it tastes good. But the real cost of eating fast food never appears on the menu, was said by Eric Schlosser. Several people in America have become dependent on fast foods. How many of the people who eat this food actually know what is really in the food or how it was made? Others don t think about it, because within ordering, three minutes later a customer can pull up to the window, pay, and get food. It is quick and cheap. The UnitedRead MoreThe Benefits Of Fast Food1197 Words   |  5 Pageshave no time, because of work and study. Therefore, the fast food is convenient to them. Fast food is a n ame for food that is made to customer. It is usually cooked with preheated and sold in packages for take - away. Generally, fast food’s types are n hot dog, kebab, french fries, hamburger, chips, pizza, sandwich, taco, chicken nuggets, onion rings, poutine, falafel, popcorn, and corn on the cob in western countries (Different Types of Fat Food, 2017). At the beginning of the 21st. century, the marketRead MoreUnntitle Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesBUS 130 PROFESSOR: MIWA MERZ NAME: MINH BUI (008413691) MARKETING ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS FAST FOOD INDUSTRY TABLE OF CONTENT I. Summary Part 1 II. Micro environment Description: A. Market B. Customers C. Competitors D. Distribution III. Macro environment Description: A. Demographic B. Economic C. Ecological D. Technology E. Political/Legal F. Cultural Part 2 IV. Additional Application of Core Marketing Concepts V. Appendix VIRead MoreThe Marketing Plan For Panera Bread Co.1677 Words   |  7 PagesChipotle Mexican restaurant in 1933, which rapidly increased to over 2,000 locations by 2016 creating the fast-casual dining industry. According to the article, â€Å"fast casual dining was fluid, but one essential ingredient was price- fast casual restaurants averaged $9 to $13 per receipt, versus $5 for fast food. In addition, a fast casual restaurant did not offer full table service and generally prepared food in full view of customers† (Walker and Merkley 2). Fast-casual restaurants offer much higherRead MoreAnalyzing Whether Or Not Fast Food Industries1414 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not fast food industries are the cause of Australia’s rise in obesity levels â€Æ' Table of Contents List of figures 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 2 Social issues 2 Ethical issues 3 Environmental issues 3 Economic issues 3 Benefits (for) 4 Disadvantages (against) 4 Recommendations/Conclusion 5 Bibliography 6 List of figures FIGURE 1: WEEKLY SPENDING ON TAKEAWAY MEALS FIGURE 2: WITH OR WITHOUT FRIES FIGURE 3: PERCENTAGES OF FOOD BUDGETS FIGURE 4: FAST FOOD VS RESTAURANTS â€Æ' EXECUTIVE

Essay on Teratogen Affects on Pregnancy - 953 Words

Teratogen Affects on Pregnancy Oct 9, 2010 Textbook References: Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- smoking p 50 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- behavioral problem w/smoking p 51 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- Child Behavioral Problems w/drinking p.52 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- FAS p 51 Part II There are many potential adverse effects of drugs on prenatal development. Drugs are not only dangerous to adults but to the baby as well if taken during pregnancy. These drugs are called teratogenic, also referred as teratogens. A teratogen is a substance that is†¦show more content†¦They conclude if pregnant women would stop smoking, or surrounding themselves around smoky environments, that it would possibly reduce stillbirths and death of infants overall. Smoking during pregnancy has also been linked to child behavioral problems. Our text tells us that studies suggest exposure to tobacco can have long-term effects on children’s cognitive and social development. The studies show that there were higher rates of learning problems. There was also antisocial behavior among the children whose mothers smoked while being pregnant. Like smoking, alcohol is also linked to child behavioral problems. In the text, teachers rated 11-year-old children whose mothers consumed the most alcohol during pregnancy. The children’s overall school performance and behavior problems were rated significantly worse compared to those children whose mother’s didn’t consume alcohol during pregnancy. To further add on to these claim, the article on www.sciencedaily.com reads â€Å" Mothers who reported what we would classify as heavy drinking in the first trimester of pregnancy were nearly there times as likely to report that their child suffered with anxiety and/or depression or somatic complaints, â€Å" Ms. O’ Leary said. It goes on to say that even mothers who drank moderately were reporting behavioral problems. Little is understood about alcohol’s effect on fetalShow MoreRelatedWhy Kids Are Born Differently Than What Most Consider?900 Words   |  4 Pagesnormally seen in pregnancies. If a pregnant woman chose the wrong temptation and consumed substances that are known to cause damage and can be fatal to a baby, these mothers are making the worst mistake of taking the life of their own child away before the baby can experience what life is. Carrying a baby in the womb is one of the most heaviest challenges a woman can face and many females go wrong by falling into various temptations by not having enough information in pregnancies and going on withRead MoreChildren s Mothers Womb By The Placenta1657 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors, called teratogens that can affect a baby from the very moment of conception. From this moment, babies are not only developing, but also learning all the time. A fetus experiences the everyday things that its mother experiences, down to the very air that she breathes or the emotions that she’s feeling. While it can be intimidating and frightening to be aware of all of these teratogens, it is also one of the best and smartest things that you can do to promote a healthy pregnancy, so that youRead MoreNo Teratogens During Pregancy Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesA teratogen is a ny agent or factor that can disrupt the development of an embryo or fetus, which may cause a birth defect or malformation. Whether it is a medication, disease or drug, when the mother is exposed the chances of problems arising with the baby increase. Only ten to fourteen days after conception teratogens can affect the fetus. At that stage in the pregnancy the egg has already been fertilized and attached to the uterus. This is known as the embryonic stage where if health isn’t a priorityRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Reproductive Health1376 Words   |  6 Pagesfetal development is known as Teratogens. Teratogens can stop the pregnancy outright, or in cases of full term pregnancies, cause birth defects to the child. Some categories of teratogens are environmental and subjective teratogens. Environmental teratogens relate to environmental factors that cause birth defects or termination of a pregnancy. Subjective teratogens are substances in which the mother consumes that cause defects to the child or also termination of a pregnancy. Substances such as air pollutionRead MoreCreating a Healthy Environment for Your Prenatal Child Essay examples1104 Words   |  5 Pagescritical for any baby’s well-being and healthy transition into this world. Teratogens are a main concern when creating a healthy atmosphere. For example, when my mother was pregnant with my brother, she did not understand the adverse effects on her baby’s development that smoking would create. Smoking was just routine for her, and the labels on the cigarettes as a fair warning didn’t change her opinion on smoking during her pregnancy. My father smoked as well. Even worse, a lot of the smoking occurredRead MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal development, also known as antenatal development, is the process of the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. While the hazardsRead MoreThe Effects Of Low High Levels Of Alcohol During Pregnancy899 Words   |  4 PagesIt is recognized that children of mothers who consume high levels of alcohol during pregnancy are at risk of developing disorders, the most common, the fetal alcohol syndrome. The effects of low to moderate alcohol are uncertain, however, they may have similar negative outcomes and cause cognitive deficits and conduct problems, particularly in early childhood. It is imperative to know the possible consequences and the extent of the consequences, especially because some women consume it often beforeRead MoreTeratogens and Their Effects on Fetus Development2011 Words   |à ‚  9 Pagesthese chances increase when the developing fetus/ embryos are exposed to teratogens, whether it’s intentional or unintentional (Bethesda (MD), 2006). Teratogens can cause severe birth defects, malformations, or terminate the pregnancy altogether (Jancà ¡rkovà ¡, Gregor, 2000). The placenta is known as an effective barrier from any detrimental pathogen that can potentially hurt the fetus. The timing of exposure of any teratogen is critical to the impact of prenatal development (Bethesda (MD), 2006).Read MoreThe Effects Of Birth Defects On The Development Of The Fetus899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe process in which a human embryo or fetus gestates during pregnancy, from fertilization until birth (Prenatal Development). Most cases of unhealthy development can be avoided, however there are some genetic and environmental factors that cannot. Some genetic factors that affect the development of the fetus are Phenylketonuria, Sickle-cell Anemia, Tay-Sachs Disease, and Down Syndrome (Feldman 402). Some environmental teratogens that affect the development of the fetus are disease, toxic substancesRead MoreThe Responsibility of Becoming Parents1506 Words   |  7 PagesPregnancy is a naturally occurring event, and parents are responsible for providing a healthy and safe environment for the unborn child while maintaining an optimal emotional and physical health. The pregnant woman should not just ensure that the pregnancy affect her adversely, but also that she does not affect her baby’s prenatal adversely. The parent is the only route which different environmental factors can enter the fetus. Additionally, she is also the most critical environment that can severely

Cultural Competence in Health Care Practices of Campaigns

Question: Describe about the Cultural Competence in Health Care for Practices of Campaigns. Answer: 1. Practices of campaigns like Close the Gap may be implemented by humans in daily lives. Working with the Aboriginal children and families may be fruitful for the entire community. Providing health care to Aborigines without any racial and cultural discrimination is very pivotal to provide better health care to the Aborigines. The campaign aims at closing the gap between the Australian Aborigines and the non Aborigines. More and more health care programs for the Aborigines may prove to be quite helpful. Commitment of time to the people by workers and practitioners would help to develop the framework. To provide better health services, it is essential to gain knowledge and understand the health problems that the Aborigines suffer. It is essential to achieve cultural equality. Then only it would be possible to increase the life expectancy of the group (Moorhead, 2013). Moreover, such campaigns must be interactive with the people so that they can address their issues and health needs. This interaction of the Aborigines and the non Aborigines would ensure complete full participation on both sides. Only when one group respects the culture and language of another group, the discrimination can be diminished and equality can be ensured (Tynan et al., 2013). 2. A culturally responsiveness is a framework that allows each and every person to receive high quality healthcare services without any racial, ethnic, religious, or ethnic discrimination. Such a framework helps to address and understand the links between language, ethnicity, and culture. This helps in improving healthcare services to culturally and ethnically diverse population. Moreover, plunging cultural responsiveness is a viable strategy in healthcare systems for it helps in diminishing disparities generated as a result of religious, race, and language differences (Best, 2014). The cultural responsiveness framework consolidates multiple requirements. The aim is to align planning and strengthen documentation of the existing policies. It helps and supports accreditation processes and supports healthcare services so that the service providers work systematically and holistically on the issues related to healthcare practices. Moreover, it establishes clearer measures and standards t o assess achievement of healthcare programs. By being culturally responsive, medical practitioners would be more responsible and unbiased in treating culturally and ethnically diverse population. Providing a culturally safe provision is the key strategy of the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in healthcare. The aim of such commissions can be achieved by acting on the links between cultural safety and adverse events. Equality in health care does not merely mean that everyone would receive equal health needs. Rather it ensures that every person gets the required heath care and the needs are equally met. It has been widely argued that a lack of culturally responsive care is a major cause of health disparities. Cultural responsiveness framework is a measure to ameliorate the cultural and ethnic differences (Moorhead, 2013). 3. Tynan, Smullen, Atkinson, and Stephens talk about the health outcomes of Australian Aboriginals. Cultural competence is considered one of the five priorities for the Close the health Gap Plan (Tynan et al., 2013). The authors have identified three issues in the developmental process of the competence program. They are- internal dynamics of the working party, a human rights approach is embedded in the framework and audit tool, and implementation issues. The Close the Gap Campaign addresses the poor health outcomes. A separate Steering Committee has been established to watch the development of the audit tool and the framework. The five areas of focus that is, Partnership and engagement, public image, culturally competent services, organizational effectiveness, and workforce development show the broadness of the framework. Honesty of some representatives, identifying lack of knowledge about the health of Aboriginals and the will to learn prompted the development of the audit tool and the framework. A significant amount of time given by the working members played a crucial role. However, the CTG approach focuses on the model of Aboriginal society that is based on deficit. It is mostly concerned about standards. There are also issues regarding audit statements that are advocacy- related (Tynan et al., 2013). Moreover, there is also a risk of mandatory framework in the absence of proper funding. 4. The deep seated psychological perspective that racial prejudice is a normal aspect of human cognition must be uprooted. Using web- based tools to demonstrate unconscious stereotyping, and selected readings can be helpful. Instead of suppressing the discussion of stereotypes, it must be discussed and acknowledged openly. Lack of a positive experience while encountering interracial situations may make both the patient and the health care provider anxious. This can be reduced by establishing a direct contact between the racial groups (Johnstone et al., 2015). 5. Health care is very much a social encounter for it involves taking care of ethnically and culturally diverse people. Health care is a social process that involves participation of at least two humans. It is a person who provides diagnosis, treatment, medicines, and preventive measures to another person. Prescription of medicines, taking care, and treating a patient requires providers. Taking a medicine on ones own is not a healthcare process and thus not social for it does not involve another person in the process. Even though latest technological advancement has reduced human labor and more and more utilization of machines, major operations like heart transplant requires human hand. Thus, there is an interaction between the patient and the medical practitioner (Davis et al., 2014). Even the simplest task of taking care of a patient is a social encounter. Such encounters are routinely done in hospitals and medical care centers. Health care provisions are thus for the good of peopl e and the society as a whole. Neurological and mental health care are especially based on social encounters. Isolation may make a person psychologically ill and the treatment would require social interaction of the individual. The provision and distribution of food, water, and medicines is done by humans thereby increasing the interaction between humans. Health care services are thus categorized into goods that are essentially social (Durey, 2013). References Best, O. (2014). The cultural safety journey: an Australian nursing context. InYatdjuligin Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nursing and Midwifery Care(pp. 51-73). Cambridge, Melbourne, Australia. Davis, J., Williamson, M., Chapman, Y. (2014). The practice of rural nursing and midwifery.Rural Nursing: The Australian Context, 46. Durey, A. (2013). Reducing racism in Aboriginal health care in Australia: where does cultural education fit?.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health,34(s1), S87-S92. Hall, J. M., Fields, B. (2013). Continuing the conversation in nursing on race and racism.Nursing outlook,61(3), 164-173. Johnstone, M. J., Hutchinson, A. M., Rawson, H., Redley, B. (2016). Assuaging death anxiety in older overseas-born Australians of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds hospitalised for end-of-life care.Contemporary nurse, (just-accepted), 1-32. Johnstone, M. J., Hutchinson, A. M., Redley, B., Rawson, H. (2015). Nursing Roles and Strategies in End-of-Life Decision Making Concerning Elderly Immigrants Admitted to Acute Care Hospitals An Australian Study.Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 1043659615582088. Kirmayer, L. (2012). Rethinking cultural competence.Transcultural Psychiatry,49(2), 149. Liaw, S. T., Lau, P., Pyett, P., Furler, J., Burchill, M., Rowley, K., Kelaher, M. (2011). Successful chronic disease care for Aboriginal Australians requires cultural competence.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,35(3), 238-248. Moorhead, S. (2013).Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), Measurement of Health Outcomes, 5: Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Elsevier Health Sciences. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.BMC health services research,14(1), 1. Tynan, M., Smullen, F., Atkinson, P., Stephens, K. (2013). Aboriginal cultural competence for health services in regional Victoria: lessons for implementation.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,37(4), 392-393.

The Role of the Government in Pharmaceutical Pricing Essay Sample free essay sample

Pharmaceutical companies frequently charge monetary values that are much higher than the cost of production of medical specialties. even the life salvaging sort. The net income earned by a pharmaceutical company is calculated by deducting the cost of production from the monetary value multiplied by measure sold ( â€Å"Price Controls. † 2007 ) . The fact that the net income border of the pharmaceutical companies is frequently excessively high is a cause of concern particularly for those who can non afford equal wellness attention. Ethical motives demand of the wellness attention and the pharmaceutical industries to take down their monetary values so as to do wellness attention. including medical specialties. easy available to all ( Rosen. 2007 ) . At the same clip. the Congress has experienced that the wellness attention and pharmaceutical industries should non be forced to take down their monetary values via monetary value controls that have been introduced in many foreign markets for pharmaceuticals. The ground why the United States would non present monetary value controls to look into pharmaceutical monetary values is that the net incomes earned by the pharmaceutical concerns help in research and development – of the kernel in this industry ( â€Å"Pharmaceutical Price. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Government in Pharmaceutical Pricing Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † 2003 ) . Yet. the Congress contains the power to take down the monetary values of pharmaceuticals by using a different method wholly. Price controls have the possible to decelerate down growing in the pharmaceutical industry. But. subsidies on pharmaceuticals will non decelerate down research and development in the industry. As a affair of fact. subsidies for pharmaceutical companies may really good be targeted for research and development. Price controls may be introduced to complement the subsidies. nevertheless. With monetary value caps that would non allow the monetary values of medical specialties to increase beyond control. particularly the life salvaging medical specialties ; and subsidies to assist the pharmaceutical industry in go oning its advanced work to profit society at big ; the authorities would happen itself in an first-class place to care for the wellness of all Americans. Mentions Price Controls on Pharmaceuticals. ( 2007 ) .Fringy Revolution. Retrieved 23 May 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. marginalrevolution. com/marginalrevolution/2007/02/price_controls_ . hypertext markup language. Pharmaceutical Price Controls Abroad: An Unfair Trade Policy. ( 2003. November 6 ) . Retrieved 23 May 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //rpc. senate. gov/_files/hc110603. pdf. Rosen. Leah J. ( 2007 ) . Are Pharmaceutical Monetary values Merely? A Discussion of Business. Values. and Ethical motives.Pharmalicensing. Retrieved 23 May 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //pharmalicensing. com/articles/disp/1080562872_406814b87105d.

Response to Intervention and Assistive Technology

Scoliosis in Growing Adolescents essays

Scoliosis in Growing Adolescents essays My summer physical before I started the fifth grade turned bad when my physician took my mother into another room. The bad news was all of a sudden I had a moderate case of scoliosis; which is the second stage of scoliosis. Scoliosis is genetic, but there was no history of it in my family. Little did I know how much this was going to affect my life in many different ways from: three years of treatment, doctor appointments almost every other week, to an end of my passion for gymnastics. My treatment began with tests to see what caused my case of scoliosis since it wasnt genetic. I had two curves; the top curve started at fifteen degrees and the bottom curve was thirty degrees. After my diagnoses I was closely monitored; four months later my top curve increased to thirty-five degrees and my bottom curve increased to approximately sixty- eight degrees. This was definitely a major concern, especially since I hadnt gone through puberty yet. There was hope that a brace would correct it if I wore it through my stage of puberty. I was put in a brace that I had to wear twenty-three hours everyday. The brace went from my hips to my chin. This was called the Milwaukee brace. I looked like a linebacker from the Detroit Lions. I was picked on everyday and some kids at school were afraid to go near me. After a year my curves both decreased. I had also gone through most of puberty by this point. I then got a different kind of brace that I only had to wear at night when I slept. This one was called the Charleston bending brace. About six months later I was completely done with puberty; I was taken out of the brace a few months later. After puberty, when one is done growing, the increases of the spine curving normally stops or only increases a degree every few years. Once again I was being monitored closely for a few months. Both of my curves stayed the same. This was good news b ...

Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing Essay - 2

Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing - Essay Example There are a number of theories advocated by scientists. Theories are definitely the backbone of any discipline and nursing is no exception here. Here I would like to make a brief explanation on the components of theory. Theory consists concepts that are inevitable for practice guidance. Nursing theories are formed out of concepts, definitions assumptions with or without the help of other disciplines or derived from different particular instances; and there are a number of inter- relationships made between them for predicting, explaining and prescribing things (Nursing Theories: An Overview). Theories universally contain concepts, prepositions, metaparadigm, philosophies and conceptual models. Concepts are occurred in mind as ideas on a phenomenon. This is an intellectual process through intuition. They indicate and signify ideas observations or experiences. For instance, relief can be an idea in nursing. Concepts can be useful in creating knowledge on phenomena. These concepts also are supported by constructs. Generally concepts are of three kinds; empirical, inferential and abstract. A statement of relationship between two concepts are said to be prepositions. Structural holarchy of contemporary nursing knowledge include components like metaparadigm, conceptual models, theories, and empirical indicators and their level of abstraction differs; and concepts and propositions are the important to explain a theory (Lesson, 2.1) There are several theories of nursing used by the practitioners today; and those theories are grouped into divisions according to the nature and functions of the theory. Nursing theories can be classified from different categories. Depending on its function it can be divided into four namely, descriptic, explanatory, predictive and perspective. Based on generalisability of their principles they are divided into Meta